đồng điều
Definition
Adjective:
- Homologous: In mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology, "đồng điều" describes objects (like cycles, groups, or theories) that share a common structure or origin within a given formal relationship, such as being in the same equivalence class under a boundary operation.
Noun:
- Homology: Refers to the algebraic topology concept itself—a procedure or theory that associates a sequence of algebraic objects (like abelian groups or modules) to topological spaces, measuring their connectivity properties.
Usage Examples
Adjective:
- Nhóm đồng điều của hình cầu được tính toán. (The homology group of the sphere is calculated.)
- Chu trình này là đồng điều với không. (This cycle is homologous to zero.)
Noun:
- Đồng điều là một công cụ cơ bản trong tô pô đại số. (Homology is a fundamental tool in algebraic topology.)
- Lý thuyết đồng điều giúp phân biệt các không gian tô pô. (Homology theory helps distinguish topological spaces.)
Advanced Usage
"Đồng điều kỳ dị" (singular homology): The most common homology theory, constructed using continuous maps from simplices into a topological space.
- Đồng điều kỳ dị thường được giảng dạy đầu tiên. (Singular homology is usually taught first.)
"Đồng điều đối" (cohomology): A related but dual concept to homology.
- Đồng điều đối cung cấp thông tin phong phú hơn. (Cohomology provides richer information.)
Variants and Related Words
- Lý thuyết đồng điều (n): Homology theory.
- Nhóm đồng điều (n): Homology group.
- Ánh xạ đồng điều (n): Homomorphism (in a homological context), or more specifically, a chain map inducing maps on homology groups.
Synonyms
- Homologous (for the adjective sense).
- Homology (for the noun sense).
Related Concepts
- Chu trình (cycle): An element whose boundary is zero, a key component in defining homology.
- Biên (boundary): The operation that defines the relationship between chains, leading to the equivalence classes of homology.
- Tô pô đại số (Algebraic Topology): The branch of mathematics where homology is a central study.